YADDA INTERNET KE AIKI


 MENENE INTERNET?


Internet wata babbar hanyar sadarwa ce da ke haɗa komfuta, waya, da sauran na’urori a duniya baki ɗaya domin musayar bayanai (data), saƙonni, da sadarwa cikin sauri.


YADDA INTERNET KE AIKI


1. Na’ura (Device)

Kai kana amfani da waya, kwamfuta, ko tablet. Wannan na’ura tana da IP Address (kamar adireshin gida) wanda ke bambanta ta da kowace na’ura a duniya.



2. Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Kamar MTN, Airtel, Glo, ko Spectranet. Su ne ke ba ka damar shiga internet. ISP ke haɗa na’urarka zuwa babban hanyar sadarwa ta duniya.



3. Data Transmission (Isar da Bayanai)

Lokacin da ka danna wani abu, misali shafin Google, bayaninka yana tafiya cikin ƙananan sassa (packets) ta kebul (fiber optic), na’urar microwave, ko tauraron dan adam.



4. Routers & Servers


-Router: Kamar direba, shi ne ke nuna wa bayaninka hanyar da zai bi ya isa inda yake nufi.

-Server: Kamar babban ɗakin ajiya. Misali idan ka buɗe YouTube, server ɗinsu ne ke adana bidiyon da zaka kalla.


5. Protocols (Ka’idoji)

Internet baya tafiya haka kawai. Akwai ka’idojin sadarwa (protocols) irin su:


-HTTP/HTTPS – don buɗe shafukan yanar gizo.

-TCP/IP – don tabbatar da bayanai sun isa ba tare da kuskure ba.

-DNS (Domain Name System) – shi ne mai juya sunan website (google.com) zuwa IP Address domin kwamfuta ta gane.


6. Receiving Data (Karɓar Sako)

Bayan da packets suka bi hanyoyin sadarwa, suka wuce routers, suka shiga server, sai bayanan su dawo gare ka cikin sassa sannan su haɗu su zama abin da ka buɗe:


Shafin yanar gizo,

Hotuna,

Bidiyo,

Ko saƙo.


 MISALI


Lokacin da ka rubuta www.facebook.com:


1. Waya ISP DNS (ya juya sunan zuwa IP)

2. Bayanai → Routers → Facebook Server (Amurka ko kusa da kai)

3. Server ya dawo maka da shafin da ka nema.


Wannan duk yana faruwa cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa ɗaya!


 TAKAITAWA


-Internet na aiki ne ta hanyar na’urarka + ISP + protocols + servers + routers.

-Bayanai na tafiya a cikin packets ta kebul, microwave ko tauraron dan adam.

-DNS ne ke taimaka wajen gane adireshi.

-Dukkan wannan na faruwa cikin sauri don ba ka damar amfani da shi a rayuwarka.


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